15.2 Photobiological Agents and Methods Used in PhotoBiological Reactors
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Table 15.1
Various photobiological agents used in photobiological reactors with their use
and prevalent examples.
Pollutant
Method of Removal
Degradation of perfluorinated
compounds (PFCs) in
wastewater
Electrochemical oxidation was proposed for remediation
of PFCs from wastewater
Four anode materials were tested – aluminum, stainless
steel, Ti, Ti coated with nano-ZnO
Ti coated with nano-ZnO anode exhibits an excellent
removal of PFCs
Degradation of dissolved
organic compounds in
wastewater
In a typical visible light sensitive TiO2 preparation by
wet chemical methods, the chemical (e.g. N-doping
content and states) and morphological properties (e.g.
particle size, surface area) of TiO2
Removal of colorants from
wastewater
Lactobacillus delbruckii used for the removal of dyes. It
involves the use of two commercial synthetic dyes i.e.
reactive orange and black. The effect of different
parameters such as pH, temperature, initial dye
concentrations were studied and effectiveness of this to
remove the dye solution was determined by measuring
the percentage of color removal. The bacteria was able to
decolorize these dyes and the optimum parameters were
found to be 10 ppm, pH 6.0, and 37 ∘C.
Uses: economical and ecofriendly
n-Hexadecane degrading
A strain of Acinetobacter baumannii was isolated from
HC contaminated wastewater and examined for its
ability to utilize hexadecane and grow as n-hexadecane
as a sole source of carbon and energy. Disadvantage:
expensive.
Removal of dyes from
wastewater
The potential of microorganisms such as
Cunninghamella elegans, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus
cereus, Chlorella sp., and also Citro bactor is used in
removal of dyes
15.2.1.10
Laccase Production on Eichhornia crassipes Biomass
The study explores the utilization of biomass of the weed species, Eichhornia
crassipes for laccase production by using pycnoporus sanguineus SYBC-L1. As the
sole carbon and nitrogen source, E. crassipes will produce laccase (7.26 U/g dry
substrate). The fermentation medium for the maximum enzyme production was
optimized and the laccase was then purified and characterized. The optimized
culture medium contains 25.1% E. crassipes, 13.9% sawdust, 1.5 mM CuSO4, and
40 mM gallic acid (65% moisture and initial pH 6.0), and maximum laccase activity
of 32.02 U/g dry substrate was detected on ninth day, which was 4.5-fold compared
with the earlier medium. The molecular mass of the purified Lac-S was 58.4 kDa,
and the optimum activity of Lac-S on DMP (2,6-dimethoxyphenol) was at pH 3.0
and 70 ∘C. Lac-S showed not only high catalytic action at low temperature, but also
good stabilities toward pH and temperature, and the residual catalytic activities